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Optimization of Starburst99 for Intermediate-Age and Old Stellar Populations
We have incorporated the latest release of the Padova models into theevolutionary synthesis code Starburst99. The Padova tracks were extendedto include the full asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution until thefinal thermal pulse over the mass range 0.9-5 Msolar. Withthis addition, Starburst99 accounts for all stellar phases thatcontribute to the integrated light of a stellar population witharbitrary age from the extreme-ultraviolet to the near-infrared. AGBstars are important for ages between 0.1 and 2 Gyr, with theircontribution increasing at longer wavelengths. We investigatesimilarities and differences between the model predictions by the Genevaand the Padova tracks. The differences are particularly pronounced atages >1 Gyr, when incompleteness sets in for the Geneva models. Wealso perform detailed comparisons with the predictions of other majorsynthesis codes and find excellent agreement. Our synthesized opticalcolors are compared to observations of old, intermediate-age, and youngpopulations. Excellent agreement is found for the old globular clustersystem of NGC 5128 and for old and intermediate-age clusters in NGC4038/4039. In contrast, the models fail for red supergiant-dominatedpopulations with subsolar abundances. This failure can be traced back toincorrect red supergiant parameters in the stellar evolutionary tracks.Our models and the synthesis code are publicly available as version 5.0of Starburst99 at http://www.stsci.edu/science/starburst99.
| Catalog of Double Nucleus Disk Galaxies
We have compiled a catalog of disk galaxies that have a double nucleus,through systematic examination of existing catalogs and publications.The Catalog of Double Nucleus Disk Galaxies includes 107 objects,together with their basic data. The aim of the catalog is to provide amore systematic and homogeneous basis for the study of the relevance ofgalaxy interactions and minor mergers in the formation of these doublenuclei. We have also investigated possible correlations betweengeometric and photometric parameters of the double nuclei and their hostgalaxies. The preliminary results indicate the presence of severalsignificant correlations that should be considered in any theoreticalscenario describing minor mergers and disk galaxy evolution.
| The gas content of peculiar galaxies: Strongly interacting systems
A study of the gas content in 1038 interacting galaxies, essentiallyselected from Arp, Arp & Madore, Vorontsov-Velyaminov catalogues andsome of the published literature, is presented here. The data on theinterstellar medium have been extracted from a number of sources in theliterature and compared with a sample of 1916 normal galaxies. The meanvalues for each of the different ISM tracers (FIR, 21 cm, CO lines,X-ray) have been estimated by means of survival analysis techniques, inorder to take into account the presence of upper limits. From the datait appears that interacting galaxies have a higher gas content thannormal ones. Galaxies classified as ellipticals have both a dust and gascontent one order of magnitude higher than normal. Spirals have in mostpart a normal dust and HI content but an higher molecular gas mass. TheX-ray luminosity also appears higher than that of normal galaxies ofsame morphological type, both including or excluding AGNs. We consideredthe alternative possibilities that the molecular gas excess may derivefrom the existence of tidal torques which produce gas infall from thesurrounding regions or from a different metallicity which affects the Xconversion factor between the observed CO line luminosity and the H_2calculated mass. According to our tests, it appears that interactinggalaxies possess a higher molecular mass than normal galaxies but with asimilar star formation efficiency.Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/422/941
| Radio sources in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey - II. Local radio luminosity functions for AGN and star-forming galaxies at 1.4 GHz
We have cross-matched the 1.4-GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) with thefirst 210 fields observed in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS),covering an effective area of 325deg2 (about 20 per cent ofthe final 2dFGRS area). This yields a set of optical spectra of 912candidate NVSS counterparts, of which we identify 757 as genuine radioidentifications - the largest and most homogeneous set of radio sourcespectra ever obtained. The 2dFGRS radio sources span the redshift rangez=0.005 to 0.438, and are a mixture of active galaxies (60 per cent) andstar-forming galaxies (40 per cent). About 25 per cent of the 2dFGRSradio sources are spatially resolved by NVSS, and the sample includesthree giant radio galaxies with projected linear size greater than 1Mpc.The high quality of the 2dF spectra means we can usually distinguishunambiguously between AGN and star-forming galaxies. We make a newdetermination of the local radio luminosity function at 1.4GHz for bothactive and star-forming galaxies, and derive a local star formationdensity of 0.022+/-0.004Msolaryr-1Mpc-3(H0=50kms-1Mpc-1).
| Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups
In this paper we describe the Nearby Optical Galaxy (NOG) sample, whichis a complete, distance-limited (cz<=6000 km s-1) andmagnitude-limited (B<=14) sample of ~7000 optical galaxies. Thesample covers 2/3 (8.27 sr) of the sky (|b|>20deg) andappears to have a good completeness in redshift (97%). We select thesample on the basis of homogenized corrected total blue magnitudes inorder to minimize systematic effects in galaxy sampling. We identify thegroups in this sample by means of both the hierarchical and thepercolation ``friends-of-friends'' methods. The resulting catalogs ofloose groups appear to be similar and are among the largest catalogs ofgroups currently available. Most of the NOG galaxies (~60%) are found tobe members of galaxy pairs (~580 pairs for a total of ~15% of objects)or groups with at least three members (~500 groups for a total of ~45%of objects). About 40% of galaxies are left ungrouped (field galaxies).We illustrate the main features of the NOG galaxy distribution. Comparedto previous optical and IRAS galaxy samples, the NOG provides a densersampling of the galaxy distribution in the nearby universe. Given itslarge sky coverage, the identification of groups, and its high-densitysampling, the NOG is suited to the analysis of the galaxy density fieldof the nearby universe, especially on small scales.
| The Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. XXIV. The Calibration of Tully-Fisher Relations and the Value of the Hubble Constant
This paper presents the calibration of BVRIH-0.5 Tully-Fisherrelations based on Cepheid distances to 21 galaxies within 25 Mpc and 23clusters within 10,000 km s-1. These relations have beenapplied to several distant cluster surveys in order to derive a valuefor the Hubble constant, H0, mainly concentrating on anI-band all-sky survey by Giovanelli and collaborators, consisting oftotal I magnitudes and 50% line width data for ~550 galaxies in 16clusters. For comparison, we also derive the values of H0using surveys in the B and V bands by Bothun and collaborators, and in Hband by Aaronson and collaborators. Careful comparisons with variousother databases from the literature suggest that the H-band data, whichhave isophotal magnitudes extrapolated from aperture magnitudes ratherthan total magnitudes, are subject to systematic uncertainties. Taking aweighted average of the estimates of Hubble constants from four surveys,we obtain H0=71+/-4 (random)+/-7 (systematic). We have alsoinvestigated how the value of H0 is affected by varioussystematic uncertainties, such as the internal extinction correctionmethod used, Tully-Fisher slopes and shapes, a possible metallicitydependence of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation, and clusterpopulation incompleteness bias.
| Galaxy coordinates. II. Accurate equatorial coordinates for 17298 galaxies
Using images of the Digitized Sky Survey we measured coodinates for17298 galaxies having poorly defined coordinates. As a control, wemeasured with the same method 1522 galaxies having accurate coordinates.The comparison with our own measurements shows that the accuracy of themethod is about 6 arcsec on each axis (RA and DEC).
| A Comparison of the Intrinsic Shapes of Two Different Types of Dwarf Galaxies: Blue Compact Dwarfs and Dwarf Ellipticals
We measure the apparent shapes for a sample of 62 blue compact dwarfgalaxies (BCDs) and compare them with the apparent shapes for a sampleof 80 dwarf elliptical galaxies (dEs). The BCDs are flatter, on average,than the dEs, but the difference is only marginally significant. We thenuse both nonparametric and parametric techniques to determine possibledistributions of intrinsic shapes for the BCDs. The hypothesis that BCDsare oblate spheroids can be ruled out with a high confidence level(>99%), but the hypothesis that they are prolate spheroids cannot beexcluded. The apparent shapes of BCDs are totally consistent with thehypothesis that they are triaxial ellipsoids. If the intrinsic axisratios beta and gamma are distributed according to a Gaussian with meansbeta 0 and gamma 0 and standard deviation sigma , we find that thebest-fitting distribution for BCDs has ( beta 0, gamma 0, sigma ) =(0.66, 0.55, 0.16), while that for dEs has ( beta 0, gamma 0, sigma ) =(0.85, 0.64, 0.24). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis thatBCDs have a close evolutionary relation with dEs.
| The Southern Sky Redshift Survey
We report redshifts, magnitudes, and morphological classifications for5369 galaxies with m_B <= 15.5 and for 57 galaxies fainter than thislimit, in two regions covering a total of 1.70 sr in the southerncelestial hemisphere. The galaxy catalog is drawn primarily from thelist of nonstellar objects identified in the Hubble Space TelescopeGuide Star Catalog (GSC). The galaxies have positions accurate to ~1"and magnitudes with an rms scatter of ~0.3 mag. We compute magnitudes(m_SSRS2) from the relation between instrumental GSC magnitudes and thephotometry by Lauberts & Valentijn. From a comparison with CCDphotometry, we find that our system is homogeneous across the sky andcorresponds to magnitudes measured at the isophotal level ~26 magarcsec^-2. The precision of the radial velocities is ~40 km s^-1, andthe redshift survey is more than 99% complete to the m_SSRS2 = 15.5 maglimit. This sample is in the direction opposite that of the CfA2; incombination the two surveys provide an important database for studies ofthe properties of galaxies and their large-scale distribution in thenearby universe. Based on observations obtained at Cerro TololoInter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories,operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation;Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito, operated under agreement between theConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas de laRepública Argentina and the National Universities of La Plata,Córdoba, and San Juan; the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile, partially under the bilateral ESO-ObservatórioNacional agreement; Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory;Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, Brazil; and the SouthAfrican Astronomical Observatory.
| Total magnitude, radius, colour indices, colour gradients and photometric type of galaxies
We present a catalogue of aperture photometry of galaxies, in UBVRI,assembled from three different origins: (i) an update of the catalogueof Buta et al. (1995) (ii) published photometric profiles and (iii)aperture photometry performed on CCD images. We explored different setsof growth curves to fit these data: (i) The Sersic law, (ii) The net ofgrowth curves used for the preparation of the RC3 and (iii) A linearinterpolation between the de Vaucouleurs (r(1/4) ) and exponential laws.Finally we adopted the latter solution. Fitting these growth curves, wederive (1) the total magnitude, (2) the effective radius, (3) the colourindices and (4) gradients and (5) the photometric type of 5169 galaxies.The photometric type is defined to statistically match the revisedmorphologic type and parametrizes the shape of the growth curve. It iscoded from -9, for very concentrated galaxies, to +10, for diffusegalaxies. Based in part on observations collected at the Haute-ProvenceObservatory.
| Cool dense gas in early-type galaxies
CO observations have shown that many lenticular and elliptical galaxiescontain significant amounts of cool dense gas. This review summarizesthe observational results related to the neutral gas phase and presentsa systematic comparison with other interstellar and stellar data. Thediscovery of very dense molecular gas in the nuclear regions ofearly-type galaxies, the possible existence of a dust component neitherseen optically nor in CO, internal inconsistencies of cooling flowscenarios, the origin of the cool gas, the presence of massive stars,aspects of galaxy evolution, and possibilities for future research arediscussed in the light of the new data.
| The I band Tully-Fisher relation for cluster galaxies: data presentation.
Observational parameters which can be used for redshift-independentdistance determination using the Tully-Fisher (TF) technique are givenfor \ntot spiral galaxies in the fields of 24 clusters or groups. I bandphotometry for the full sample was either obtained by us or compiledfrom published literature. Rotational velocities are derived either from21 cm spectra or optical emission line long-slit spectra, and convertedto a homogeneous scale. In addition to presenting the data, a discussionof the various sources of error on TF parameters is introduced, and thecriteria for the assignment of membership to each cluster are given.
| Parameters of 2447 Southern Spiral Galaxies for Use in the Tully-Fisher Relation
I-band luminosities, rotational velocities, and redshifts of 1092 spiralgalaxies have been measured by CCD photometry and Hα spectroscopyusing the 1 m and 2.3 m telescopes at Siding Spring Observatory,respectively. The results are tabulated. Luminosity profiles andHα rotation curves are given for the galaxies. When these resultsare combined with similar data for 1355 spiral galaxies publishedpreviously (Mathewson, Ford, & Buchhorn, hereafter Paper I), itprovides a large, uniform, and unique data set with which to measure,via the Tully-Fisher relation, the peculiar velocities of galaxies inthe local universe to a distance of 11,000 km s^-1^ (Mathewson &Ford). Taking advantage of the opportunity for publishing this data inmachine-readable form, in the CD-ROM, we have also included similar datafor the 1355 galaxies in Paper I.
| The Catalog of Southern Ringed Galaxies
The Catalog of Southern Ringed Galaxies (CSRG) is a comprehensivecompilation of diameters, axis ratios, relative bar position angles, andmorphologies of inner and outer rings, pseudorings, and lenses in 3692galaxies south of declination -17 deg. The purpose of the catalog is toevaluate the idea that these ring phenomena are related to orbitalresonances with a bar or oval in galaxy potentials. The catalog is basedon visual inspection of most of the 606 fields of the Science ResearchCouncil (SRC) IIIa-J southern sky survey, with the ESO-B, ESO-R, andPalomar Sky surveys used as auxiliaries when needed for overexposed coreregions. The catalog is most complete for SRC fields 1-303 (mostly southof declination -42 deg). In addition to ringed galaxies, a list of 859mostly nonringed galaxies intended for comparison with other catalogs isprovided. Other findings from the CSRG that are not based on statisticsare the identification of intrinsic bar/ring misalignment; bars whichunderfill inner rings; dimpling of R'1pseudorings; pointy, rectangular, or hexagonal inner or outer ringshapes; a peculiar polar-ring-related system; and other extreme examplesof spiral structure and ring morphology.
| General study of group membership. II - Determination of nearby groups
We present a whole sky catalog of nearby groups of galaxies taken fromthe Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database. From the 78,000 objects in thedatabase, we extracted a sample of 6392 galaxies, complete up to thelimiting apparent magnitude B0 = 14.0. Moreover, in order to considersolely the galaxies of the local universe, all the selected galaxieshave a known recession velocity smaller than 5500 km/s. Two methods wereused in group construction: a Huchra-Geller (1982) derived percolationmethod and a Tully (1980) derived hierarchical method. Each method gaveus one catalog. These were then compared and synthesized to obtain asingle catalog containing the most reliable groups. There are 485 groupsof a least three members in the final catalog.
| A southern sky survey of the peculiar velocities of 1355 spiral galaxies
The paper presents data from photometric and spectroscopic observationsof 1355 southern spiral galaxies and uses them to determine theirdistances and peculiar velocities via the Tully-Fisher (TF) relation.I-band CCD surface photometry was carried out using the 1-m and 3.9-mtelescopes at Siding Spring Observatory. H-alpha rotation curves for 965galaxies and 551 H I profiles are presented. The physical parameters,photometric and velocity data, distances, and peculiar velocities of thegalaxies are presented in tabular form. The mean distance, systemicvelocity, and average peculiar velocity of 24 clusters in the sample aregiven. TF diagrams are presented for each cluster.
| Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II - The catalogue of groups and group members
This paper gives a catalog of the groups and associations obtained bymeans of a revised hierarchical algorithm applied to a sample of 4143galaxies with diameters larger than 100 arcsec and redshifts smallerthan 6000 km/s. The 264 groups of galaxies obtained in this way (andwhich contain at least three sample galaxies) are listed, with the looseassociations surrounding them and the individual members of eachaggregate as well; moreover, the location of every entity among 13regions corresponding roughly to superclusters is specified. Finally,1729 galaxies belong to the groups, and 466 to the associations, i.e.,the total fraction of galaxies within the various aggregates amounts to53 percent.
| Southern Sky Redshift Survey - The catalog
The catalog of radial velocities for galaxies which comprise thediameter-limited sample of the Southern Sky Redshift Survey ispresented. It consolidates the data of observations carried out at theLas Campanas Observatory, Observatorio Nacional, and South AfricanAstronomical Observatory. The criteria used for the sample selection aredescribed, as well as the observational procedures and the techniqueutilized to obtain the final radial velocities. The intercomparisonbetween radial velocity measurements from different telescopes indicatesthat the final data base is fairly homogeneous with a typical error ofabout 40 km/s. The sample is at present 90 percent complete, and themissing galaxies are predominantly objects with very low surfacebrightness for which it is very difficult to obtain optical redshifts.
| H I content and FIR emission of S0 galaxies
A sample of 252 S0 galaxies is used to study the relationship between HI content and far-IR emission. Logarithms of the H I content versus thefar-IR emission are employed statistically to develop a best-fit linearregression line which is compared to a slope of approximately unity. Theslopes are different for S0 and SB0 galaxies versus S0/a and SB0/agalaxies. The distribution of the 60-100 micron flux ratio is notsignificantly affected by the presence or absence of bars nor by thedifferences between the S0 and S0/a systems. The flux ratio is higherthan the critical value of Helou in 34 percent of the cases, and thevalue holds when nuclear emission is taken into account. In cases wherethe critical value is exceeded, most far-IR emissions are expected to bedue to star formation. S0 galaxies are generally found to have a normalISM, except where the systems have accreted their H I gas. Systems withdisproportionate FIR emission can be considered galaxies that areexperiencing enhanced star formation or that have had their H I gasswept away.
| CO observations of southern S0 galaxies
CO emissions are investigated in 11 S0 galaxies in offset andcentral-beam positions, and the results are employed in a model forfitting synthetic spectra to the data. In all the galaxies the emissionis partly resolved, except in NGC 1326 and some other S0s where the COemission extends through other parts of the disk. The model indicatesthat a CO ring approximately 1 kpc from the nucleus accounts for thedistribution of the observed emission and is possible evidence for a CObar.
| A catalog of southern groups of galaxies
A catalog of groups of galaxies identified in the southern Galactic capis presented. This catalog was constructed utilizing the group-findingalgorithm developed by Huchra and Geller (1982) to analyze galaxysamples with well-defined selection criteria and complete velocityinformation.
| Activity in the central parts of interacting galaxies - an investigation of six southern systems
Direct imagery, spectroscopy, UBVRIJHKL photometry, and IRAS fluxes arepresented for the galaxies ESO 474-IG28, ESO 412-IG03, ESO 416-G06, ESO341-IG04, ESO 289-IG21, and ESO 192-IG13. These galaxies are allpeculiar, with morphologies indicative of interacting or merginggalaxies. All the galaxies except one, ESO 341-IG04, have spectra withstrong emission lines. ESO 289-IG21, is ionized by a nonthermalpower-law source in its center, whereas the other four have spectra thatare ionized by hot stars, and to some extent by shock-heating. For twoof the galaxies, ESO 412-IG03 and ESO 416-G06, the data are good enoughto allow a division of the continuum, as obtained from broadbandphotometry, into two stellar components, one being old, and the other inboth cases with an age of less than 10 Myr. For four of the galaxies thestellar mass has been determined. These four galaxies were also detectedby IRAS.
| UBVRI photoelectric photometry of 48 southern galaxies
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1987A&AS...68..215L&db_key=AST
| The statistical distribution of the neutral-hydrogen content of S0 galaxies
The distribution of relative global H I content M(H I)/L(B) has beenderived for galaxies of types S0 and S0/a using a data set derived fromrecent H I observations in the literature. The relative H I content ofthese galaxies is found to show transitional properties betweenelliptical and spiral galaxies. The distribution of M(H I)/L(B) forS0/a's resembles that for spirals, and these galaxies may represent'fossil' spirals, i.e., galaxies whose gas has been severely depleted bystar formation. The distribution for S0's, however, resembles that forellipticals. The form of this distribution strongly suggests an externalorigin for most of the H I in S0 galaxies.
| Southern Galaxy Catalogue.
Not Available
| CCD images of blue compact dwarf galaxies and related objects
Not Available
| Velocity dispersion profiles of clusters of galaxies
Line-of-sight velocity dispersion profiles (sigma profiles) arepresented for 13 clusters of galaxies having at least 30 radialvelocities. The clusters considered include A2151, A1367, Virgo, A426,A1656, A2199, Cancer, A194, Fornax, A262, Centaurus, A2319, and PegasusI. All the sigma profiles are fitted to simple power laws over theradial interval from 0.1 to 2.0 times the virial radius and are found tofall into four classifications. In view of the amount of masssegregation implied, the amount of central concentration observed, andthe predominant galaxy morphology, it is suggested that theseclassifications represent a dynamical age sequence. Statistical testsare applied to two features appearing in some sigma profiles: thepresence of a local minimum that coincides with the local minimum notedin surface density or surface brightness profiles and a decrease inline-of-sight velocity dispersion in the cores of certain clusters.Possible dynamical implications of these features are discussed in termsof Wielen's (1974) N-body simulations.
| New observations of blue Haro galaxies.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1970AJ.....75.1143D&db_key=AST
| Nota preliminar sobre galaxias azules con lineas de emision.
Not Available
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